12/29/2023 0 Comments Law of similarity psychology![]() With Rubin's goblet, the goblet and faces take turns being figure and ground. When a gestalt is formed (perceived) it becomes a figure (a thing apart, an entity or object).Ī figure is always backed up by a surrounding ground. The Rubin Goblet illustrated a basic concept from Gestalt psychology: the figure-ground distinction. The same stimulus could lead to two different perceptions, depending on those processes. However, the gestalt psychologists were correct that brain processes were involved in perception. We would not expect to find electrical fields resembling faces in a graphics chip processing information about faces. Today we are aware that computing machinery does not physically resemble the things being computed. They referred vaguely to fields in the brain that were isomorphic (equivalent in form) to the gestalts. The gestalt psychologists of the 1930s and 1940s did not have the tools to develop this valid insight. What does the word gestalt mean? Why did ambiguous figures fascinate the Gestalt psychologists? Central processes (brain processes) were involved. Measuring observable stimuli and responses was not enough. Therefore (they argued) perception involved more than just the stimuli that entered the eye. To the gestalt psychologists, this clearly showed something was going on inside the head to determine which figure was seen at a given moment. Two different perceptions could result from the same stimulus. The picture can be seen as a vase-like object or as two faces. A famous example is the Peter/Paul Vase or Rubin Goblet, publicized by Danish psychologist Edgar Rubin in 1915. To prove their point, Gestalt psychologists liked to show ambiguous figures. ![]() ![]() To them it seemed obvious that hidden processes within the brain were crucial to explaining perception. The Gestalt psychologists bristled at this idea. There was no need to talk about things inside the head. ![]() They believed psychological phenomena could be explained by referring only to observable behavior. In the mid 20th Century, most American experimental psychologists were behaviorists. The word percept means about the same thing: an object of perception. The psychological space is inducted for stimuli to measure the distance between the stimuli so that the chances for generalization of a response being learned for one stimulus will be applied to any other invariant of the distance being measured between them.A gestalt (pronounced ge-STALT with a hard "g" as in "get") is a pattern, thing, form, shape, or object: something whole. Shepard in 1987, explains that the response towards one object will be generalized to another object based on the distance between the two objects in the psychological space. The Universal Law of Generalization developed by Roger N. Experience and exposure to related things for a longer duration, also the current and immediately past stimuli could affect in determining similarity among objects. To construct stimuli and to state psychological outcomes, measures of hue, brightness, or pitch are used as they enter into far simpler relationships with behavior than the wavelength, intensity, and frequency. In addition to this, there are times when similarity is dependent on the behavioral responses to objects among a group of objects. It can be said that similarity is heavily based on the physical attributes of a stimulus. This is an important concept in cognition since it helps in object identification and categorization. Apart from this, other regions in the visual cortex deal with color perception and other factors. At this region, the depth of the object is processed, where a 2-D map of the object is formed to understand where objects are being placed in the space concerning us. Whatever is being perceived by the first area then moves on to the visual cortex area, called the primary visual cortex. The other one handles the motion and contrast of the object being perceived. One area deals with the color and the structure of the object. The light falling on the retina then moves on to the thalamus, where it moves into two areas. A smooth motion of the eye could result in motion blur. Eyes movies as a series of short jumps known as saccades. The next region is called the superior colliculus this is involved in regulating the motion of the eye. The first region is called the pretectum, which helps in adjusting the size of the pupils based on the amount of light entering the eye. Along-side, the optic nerve transmits information that is additional to two regions of the brain. There are electrochemical signals which move to the thalamus through the optic nerve, which then reaches the cerebral cortex. It is in the cerebral cortex of the brain, visual perception takes place.
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